As a raw carnivore the most common question I get asked is whether eating raw meat will make you sick.
People immediately assume I’m at high risk of food-borne illnesses like E. Coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and more. On top of that, they ask or assume I have parasites, worms, or other microbial infections as a result of eating raw meat.
Curiously, nobody was ever concerned when I ate mountains of raw produce or pre-packaged foods before I became a carnivore, the most common sources of food-borne illness.
What does the data say?
I try to base my life-decisions on good research, so below you’ll find data outlining the available reports of various food-borne illnesses and their source, including case and death rates.
*I think a lot of the data will surprise you, except the Listeria one which will probably line up with your long-held beliefs about the danger of raw foods (she’s a real doozy!).
TL;DR the data above
Okay, let’s sum up some of the extensive data above for you Scroll and Rolls™️((You’re welcome.)):
From the data, you’re actually less likely to get food-borne illnesses eating raw meat, eggs, or dairy, than eating pre-packaged food of any form, including raw produce! Let’s take a look. ?
Salmonella 2006-2022
E. Coli 2006-2022
Listeria 2011-2022
Look out for the Strawberries and Pomegranate Seeds if you want to avoid contracting Hepatitis A.
99 cases and 1 death have been reported due to a Campylobacter outbreak attributed to pre-packaged milk products. Statistically speaking, you’re more likely to get Campylobacter from pet store puppies, outdoor obstacle races involving mud, or drinking untreated water (combined, responsible for 217 reported cases).
Cyclospora outbreaks have only ever been attributed to produce.
The only thing safer than eating raw meat, eggs, and dairy, is to become a Breatharian.
Why are humans susceptible to food-borne infections at all?
So if the problem isn’t raw meat, eggs, and dairy but actually produce and pre-packaged or cooked meat, eggs, and dairy… what is going on? Aren’t plants healthy?! Doesn’t cooking kill bad bacteria?!
Does native grass make cattle sick? Do antelope make lions ill? Do crocodiles die from eating wild animals?
We know that feeding non-native grasses that have been engineered to grow rapidly in the spring to cattle can make them sick with Tetany.
Interestingly, it’s normal for many carnivores to hunt the injured and sick animals in a herd, like mountain lions who target deer with Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). If raw meat or sick animals cause disease why aren’t these carnivores dropping over dead eating their native diet?
And the acidity of the human stomach is closer to animals like the Buzzard and Vulture, scavengers that eat decaying animals.
Human Stomach pH Compared to Other Animals
Gastric acidity is likely a key factor shaping the diversity and composition of microbial communities found in the vertebrate gut. The study conducted a systematic review to test the hypothesis that a key role of the vertebrate stomach is to maintain the gut microbial community by filtering out novel microbial taxa before they pass into the intestines. The study proposes that species feeding either on carrion or on organisms that are close phylogenetic relatives should require the most restrictive filter (measured as high stomach acidity) as protection from foreign microbes. Conversely, species feeding on a lower trophic level or on food that is distantly related to them (e.g. herbivores) should require the least restrictive filter, as the risk of pathogen exposure is lower. Comparisons of stomach acidity across trophic groups in mammal and bird taxa show that scavengers and carnivores have significantly higher stomach acidities compared to herbivores or carnivores feeding on phylogenetically distant prey such as insects or fish. In addition, the study found when stomach acidity varies within species either naturally (with age) or in treatments such as bariatric surgery, the effects on gut bacterial pathogens and communities are in line with our hypothesis that the stomach acts as an ecological filter. Together these results highlight the importance of including measurements of gastric pH when investigating gut microbial dynamics within and across species.
The Evolution of Stomach Acidity and Its Relevance to the Human Microbiome – Beasley, Koltz, Lambert, Fierer, Dunn (2015)
Common Name | Trophic Group | pH |
---|---|---|
Common Buzzard | Obligate Scavenger | 1.1 |
White Backed Vulture | Obligate Scavenger | 1.2 |
Common Pied Oystercatcher | Generalist Carnivore | 1.2 |
Bald Eagle | Facultative Scavenger | 1.3 |
Barn Owl | Facultative Scavenger | 1.3 |
Little Owl | Facultative Scavenger | 1.3 |
Common Crow | Obligate Scavenger | 1.3 |
Common Moorhen | Omnivore | 1.4 |
Humans | Omnivore? | 1.5 |
Ferret | Generalist Carnivore | 1.5 |
Wandering Albatross | Obligate Scavenger | 1.5 |
Possum | Facultative Scavenger | 1.5 |
Black-Headed Gull | Facultative Scavenger | 1.5 |
Common Kestrell | Generalist Carnivore | 1.5 |
Swainson’s Hawk | Facultative Scavenger | 1.6 |
Beaver | Herbivore / Hindgut | 1.7 |
American Bittern | Facultative Scavenger | 1.7 |
Grey Falcon | Facultative Scavenger | 1.8 |
Peregrine Falcon | Facultative Scavenger | 1.8 |
Red Tailed Hawk | Facultative Scavenger | 1.8 |
Rabbit | Herbivore / Foregut | 1.9 |
Common Starling | Specialist Carnivore / Insect | 2.0 |
Cynomolgus Monkey | Omnivore | 2.1 |
Mallard Duck | Omnivore | 2.2 |
Magellanic Penguin | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 2.3 |
Bottlenose Dolphins | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 2.3 |
Gentoo Penguin | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 2.5 |
Snowy Owl | Generalist Carnivore | 2.5 |
Domesticated Pig | Omnivore | 2.6 |
Woylie Brush Tailed Bettong | Generalist Carnivore | 2.8 |
King Penguins | Omnivore | 2.9 |
Great Cormorant | Herbivore / Hindgut | 3.0 |
Great Horned Owl | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 3.1 |
Rhino | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 3.3 |
Elephant | Generalist Carnivore | 3.3 |
Southern Hairy Nosed Wombat | Herbivore / Hindgut | 3.3 |
Skyes Monkey | Herbivore / Hindgut | 3.4 |
Crab-Eating Macaque | Herbivore / Hindgut | 3.6 |
Cat | Omnivore | 3.6 |
Baboon | Omnivore | 3.7 |
Chicken | Specialist Carnivore / Insect | 3.7 |
Mouse | Omnivore | 3.8 |
Ox | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.2 |
Guinea Pig | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.3 |
Hippo | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.4 |
Rat | Omnivore | 4.4 |
Horse | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.4 |
Howler Monkey | Herbivore / Hindgut | 4.5 |
Dog | Facultative Scavenger | 4.5((I’m curious if this was measured from wild dogs eating their native diet or domesticated dogs eating kibble.)) |
Porcupine | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.5 |
Sheep | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.7 |
Gerbil | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.7 |
Hamster | Herbivore / Foregut | 4.9 |
Common Pipistrelle Bat | Specialist Carnivore / Insect | 5.1 |
Minke Whale | Specialist Carnivore / Fish | 5.3 |
Brocket Deer | Herbivore / Foregut | 5.5 |
Collared Peccary | Herbivore / Foregut | 5.8 |
Langur Monkey | Herbivore / Foregut | 5.9 |
Silver Leafed Monkey | Herbivore / Foregut | 5.9 |
Shetland Ponies | Herbivore / Hindgut | 5.9 |
Colobus Monkey | Herbivore / Foregut | 6.3 |
Camel | Herbivore / Foregut | 6.4 |
Echidna | Specialist Carnivore / Insect | 6.8 |
Macropodid | Herbivore / Foregut | 6.9 |
Llama | Herbivore / Foregut | 7.0 |
Guanaco | Herbivore / Foregut | 7.3 |
Maybe humans aren’t actually omnivores? Maybe our native diet IS raw meat, eggs, and dairy… and eating produce and cooked, pre-packaged, foods are causing us to become sick.
Is the answer in our stomach acidity?
In the table above we can see that the human stomach has a pH of 1.5.
But how does the human stomach behave when eating an omnivorous diet? One study showed the pH of the stomach after eating a “standard meal” was between 3.3 and 5.3. Most infectious bacteria can thrive at a pH of 4.0, so this is very concerning.
FDA’s Guidance for Industry describes a “standard breakfast,” as applicable to food
Intragastric pH and pressure profiles after intake of the high-caloric, high-fat meal as used for food effect studies Koziolek [2015] et al.
effect studies. The standard breakfast takes the form of, “Thirty minutes before
drug administration, each subject should consume a standardized, high fat content
meal consisting of one buttered English muffin, one fried egg, one slice of American
cheese, one slice of Canadian bacon, one serving of hash brown potatoes, eight fluid
oz. (240 mL) of whole milk, six fluid oz. (180 mL) of orange juice.”
In the same study it took 4 hours after the meal for the stomach to regain a pH of 0 – 1, and the stomach still hadn’t emptied before lunch time arrived 6 hours after breakfast.
Imagine giving opportunistic bacteria 4-6 hours (or longer) in their ideal pH environment before emptying into the small intestine, which has a pH range of 5.7 – 7.4.
No wonder it’s estimated 80% of people with IBS have SIBO (small intestine bacteria overgrowth), and the number of “healthy” people with SIBO is completely unreported.
And what about the number of people suffering from systemic yeast or Candida overgrowth? Fun fact, the vagina is slightly acidic when healthy and becomes more alkaline when suffering from yeast overgrowth.
The most absurd cure…
One researcher proposes we need to “fix” the stomach acidity problem of the human body, making it less acidic in order to solve indigestion issues like heartburn, GERD, ulcers, etc.
They also propose it would do no harm to bypass stomach digestion of food altogether and leave that task up to the small intestine alone. What kind of madness is this?
We can intake almost ordinary food even after total gastrectomy, although we need to take food in small increments since the stomach cannot hold food. We are able to do so because the small intestine can digest and absorb food using various digestive enzymes without digestion in the stomach. Although impaired absorption of vitamins and minerals occurs due to the evolved absorption system of humans, the small intestine can still digest food. We captured how solid food is digested in the small intestine using capsule endoscopy and found that not only carbohydrates and meat but also the cytoplasm of plants are absorbed in the small intestine[5]. In other words, we endoscopically confirmed that the passage of current formed food through the stomach does not influence digestion in the small intestine. Because a patient who takes PPIs does not have any major digestive/absorption problems, the importance of gastric acid in the digestive system of humans is thought to be low. Nevertheless, the gastric acid level of humans is considerably high compared to that of many other animals.
Shunji Fujimori (2020) Gastric acid level of humans must decrease in the future
This reminds me of how common it was in the 1700s to cut off the horse’s tongue((If they wouldn’t stop sticking it out of their mouth.)) instead of being less abusive to their animal.
Why do we constantly believe the human body is the one at fault?
Perhaps the human body isn’t flawed at all, we just keep feeding it the wrong foods.
If we are accustomed to eating a diet that causes our stomach pH to be not only hospitable but ideal for infectious disease the danger isn’t in eating raw meat. The danger lies with eating “standard” meals that make us vulnerable to illness.
Very nice article. Thank you. Very logical explanation to understand why we got infections in the small intestine. We surely have to eat foods that maintain the acidity of our stomach.